![]() excess-propellant margin can be applied to expedite an emergency ascent from the Moon.support for a greater number of EVAs on the lunar surface than the minimum required by NASA in the 2020 solicitation.100-day loiter capability in lunar orbit.approximately 24 midbody oxygen-methane thrusters for use very near the lunar surface.Starship HLS incorporates the following design characteristics: The Starship HLS vehicle would then launch and rendezvous with the already-loaded propellant depot and refuel before transiting from Earth orbit to Lunar orbit. ![]() Prior to the launch of the HLS vehicle from Earth, a Starship variant configured as a propellant depot would be launched into an Earth orbit and then partially or fully filled by between four and fourteen Starship tanker flights carrying propellant. Starship HLS requires in-orbit propellant transfer in its mission profile. Starship HLS is supplied with electrical power by a band of solar panels around the circumference of the vehicle. : 50:30 However, these thrusters may not be needed. The thrusters burn gaseous oxygen and methane instead of the liquid oxygen and methane used by the Raptors. Within 100 meters of the lunar surface, the variant will utilize high‑thrust RCS thrusters located mid‑body to avoid plume impingement problems with the lunar regolith. They are also used as its primary propulsion system in all other flight phases. Like other Starship variants, Starship HLS has six Raptor engines mounted at the tail which are used when the Starship HLS acts as the second stage during the launch from Earth. In contrast to other HLS designs that proposed multiple stages, the entire spacecraft will land on the Moon and will then launch from the Moon. This makes it much lighter than a regular Starship, so Elon Musk has tweeted that it may only take 4 (rather than 8 for the normal version) tanker Starship launches to refuel a Starship HLS to the point where it has enough fuel for a lunar landing. In contrast to the Starship spacecraft from which it derives, Starship HLS will never reenter an atmosphere, so it does not have a heat shield or flight control surfaces. Starship HLS is a variant of SpaceX's Starship spacecraft optimized to operate on and around the Moon. NASA later contracted for an upgraded version of Starship HLS to be used on the Artemis 4 mission. ![]() Following that test, a crewed flight is expected to occur as part of the Artemis 3 mission, no earlier than December 2025. An uncrewed test flight is planned for 2024 to demonstrate a successful landing on the Moon. In the third phase of its HLS procurement process NASA awarded SpaceX a contract in April 2021 to develop, produce, and demonstrate Starship HLS. It will then return the crew to Orion in NRHO. A crew of two astronauts will transfer from Orion to HLS, which will then descend to the lunar surface for a stay of approximately 7 days which is to include five or more EVAs. There, it will rendezvous with a crewed Orion spacecraft that will be launched from Earth by a NASA Space Launch System (SLS) launcher. ![]() The mission plan calls for a Super Heavy booster to launch a Starship HLS into an Earth orbit, where it will be refueled by multiple Starship tanker spacecraft before boosting itself into a lunar near-rectilinear halo orbit (NRHO). It is being designed and built by SpaceX under the Human Landing System contract to NASA as a critical element of NASA's Artemis program to land a crew on the Moon no earlier than 2026. Starship HLS, or Starship Human Landing System, is a lunar lander variant of the Starship spacecraft that is slated to transfer astronauts from a lunar orbit to the surface of the Moon and back.
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